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Teenage
Pregnancy, The Case for Prevention [PDF]
Appendix C: Key Differences
Between AFDC and TANF § *
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AFDC/EA/JOBS
(before 1997) |
TANF
(after 1997) |
Federal
Funding |
- Unlimited for AFDC and EA
- Capped entitlement for JOBS
- Federal share of AFDC and JOBS costs varied inversely
with state per capita income
|
- Fixed grant
- Plus: (1) contingency fund and loans
for states with high population growth
and low welfare spending;
(2) welfare-to-work grants (through FY
2003); and (3) bonuses to states that reduce the number
of out-of-wedlock
births and abortions
|
State
Funding |
- Matching required for each federal dollar
|
- States must spend 75 percent of "historic" level
(100 percent for contingency funds) and must provide
matching for contingency funds
|
Categories
Eligibility |
- Children with one parent or with an incapacitated
or unemployed second parent
|
|
Income
Limits |
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Benefit
Levels |
|
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Entitlement |
- States required to aid all families eligible under
state income standards
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- TANF expressly denies entitlement to some individuals
|
Work
Requirement |
- JOBS Program had participation requirements, but
not work requirements
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- By 2002, states must have 50 percent of their caseload
in specified work activities
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Exemptions
from Work Requirement |
- Parents (chiefly mothers) with a child under age
three (under age one at state option)
|
- None, but states may exempt single parents caring
for children under age 1
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Work
Trigger |
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- Work (as defined by the state) required after a maximum
of two years of benefits
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Time
Limit for Benefits |
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- Five-year time limit (20 percent hardship exceptions
allowed)
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|
KEY |
AFDC |
Aid to Families with Dependent Children |
EA |
Emergency Assistance for Needy Families |
JOBS |
Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training |
TANF |
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families |
______________________________
§ Advocates for
Youth used figures associated with AFDC to calculate
fiscal year 1996 expenditures and investments because
federal fiscal year 1998 was the first full year that
all states implemented TANF, the new cash welfare program.
* United
States. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and
Means. 1998
Green Book: Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdiction
of the Committee on Ways and Means. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt.
Printing Office, 1998.
Source/Citation:
Feijoo AN. Teenage Pregnancy,
the Case for Prevention: An Updated Analysis of Recent Trends & Federal
Expenditures Associated with Teenage Pregnancy. Washington, DC: Advocates
for Youth, 1999.
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