A Youth Leader's Guide to Building Cultural Competence [PDF]

1. Evaluation of the Red Cross's culturally-specific African-American HIV/AIDS education program revealed interesting results: the course did not have a greater impact on African-Americans than it did on white and Latinos, as measured by the post-test knowledge and behavioral intent scores. Setting where the program was delivered proved to be key; youth who received the course in school had higher post-test scores for both knowledge and behavioral intent than those who received the course out of school. See Marietta Damond and Ann E. Pharr, The American Red Cross African American AIDS Program: An Evaluation of a Culturally Specific Curriculum. (Washington, DC: The American Red Cross, June 1992).
2. Linda Camino, Racial, Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Youth Development Programs (Washington, DC: Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, 1992), p. 36.
3. Pennsylvania CASSP Advisory Committee, Subcommittee on Cultural Competence, The Pennsylvania Model of Towards A Culturally Competent System of Care [sic]. (Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, Office of Mental Health, Bureau of Children's Services) p.9.
4. Adapted from Donald R. Atkinson, George Morten and Derald Wing, Counseling American Minorities: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 1993).
5. Inca Mohamed, "Steps to Cultural Competence" Handout, August 1991.
6. Nancy Abbey, Claire Brindis and Manuel Cases, Family Life Education in Multicultural Classrooms (Santa Cruz, CA: ETR Associates, 1990) p. 8.
7. Don C. Locke, Increasing Multicultural Understanding: A Comprehensive Model (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992) p. 10.
8. Ibid., p. 6.
9. Camino, pp. 26-27.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Adapted from Lana Ka'opua, Training for Cultural Competence in the HIV Epidemic (AIDS Education Project, Hawai'i Area AIDS Education and Training Center, 1992).
13. Adapted from David A. Shiman, The Prejudice Book: Activities for the Classroom. (New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1979).
14. Locke, p. 159.
15. Locke, p. xii.
16. Culturelinc Corp., Hispanics and HIV: Strategies and Tactics for Education/Prevention (New York, NY: Culturelinc, no date) p. 31.
17. de la Vega, Ernesto, "Considerations for Reaching the Latino Population With Sexuality and HIV/AIDS Information and Education," SIECUS Report 18 (3) (Feb/March, 1990), p.3.
18. Airhihenbuwa, Collins, et al., "HIV/AIDS Education and Prevention Among African-Americans: A Focus on Culture." AIDS Education and Prevention, 4 (3) (1992), p.269.
19. Stephen B. Thomas and Sandra Crouse Quinn, "The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community," American Journal of Public Health, 81 (November, 1991 ), pp. 1498-1505.
20. AIDS Office, Bureau of Epidemiology and Disease Control, San Francisco City Clinic Special Programs for Youth and San Francisco Department of Welfare, The Young Men's Survey: Principal Findings and Results (San Francisco, CA: 1991). This study revealed that almost half of study participants ages 17-19 had participated in unprotected anal intercourse as compared to under a quarter of the 20-22 year-olds and under a third of 23-25 year-olds. In addition, just over 14 percent of young men between 17 and 22 years old were HIV positive, comparing to 10.4 percent of young men between 23 and 25 years old.
21. AIDS Committee of Massachusetts, A Survey of AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Greater Boston (Boston, MA: AIDS Committee of Massachusetts, 1991). In this survey of 1,841 gay and bisexual men, four out of 10 men under 23 years of age reported at least one instance of anal intercourse without using a condom during the past six months.
22. Kevin Cranston, "HIV Education for Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Youth: Personal Risk, Personal Power, and the Community of Conscience," Journal of Homosexuality 22 (1992): 247-259.
23. Locke, pp. 23-24.
24. Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud and Cecila E. Rush, "AIDS and Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices of Black Women," Nursing Research 38 (4) (July/August 1989): 213.
25. Culturelinc, p. 28
26. Ibid.
27. Carmen Medina, "Latino Culture and Sex Education," SIECUS Report 15 (3) (1987): 3.
28. Ibid.
29. Culturelinc, p. 41.
30. Airhihenbuwa et al., p. 270.
31. de la Vega, pp. 7-8.
32. Ibid., p. 2.
33. Karen J. Pittman et al, "Making Sexuality Education and Prevention Programs Relevant for African American Youth," Journal of School Health 62 (7) (Sept., 1992): 343-344.
34. Ibid., p. 343.
35. Adapted from L. Treadway and J. Yoakam, "Creating a Safer School Environment for Lesbian and Gay Students," Journal of School Health 62 (7) (Sept., 1992): 353.
36. Camino, p. 45.
37. Isaacs, p. 47.
38. Abbey, p.21
39. Camino, p. 44.
40. Camino, p. 12.
41. Adapted from Camino, p. 19.
42. Camino, p. 48.

Source/Citation:
Messina SA. A Youth Leader's Guide to Building Cultural Competence. Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 1994.