Teenage Pregnancy, The Case for Prevention [PDF]
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AFDC/EA/JOBS
(before 1997)
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TANF
(after 1997)
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Federal Funding
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- Unlimited for AFDC and EA
- Capped entitlement for JOBS
- Federal share of AFDC and JOBS costs varied inversely with state per capita income
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- Fixed grant
- Plus: (1) contingency fund and loans for states with high population growth and low welfare spending; (2) welfare-to-work grants (through FY 2003); and (3) bonuses to states that reduce the number of out-of-wedlock births and abortions
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State Funding
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- Matching required for each federal dollar
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- States must spend 75 percent of "historic" level (100 percent for contingency funds) and must provide matching for contingency funds
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Categories Eligibility
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- Children with one parent or with an incapacitated or unemployed second parent
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Income Limits
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Benefit Levels
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Entitlement
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- States required to aid all families eligible under state income standards
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- TANF expressly denies entitlement to some individuals
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Work Requirement
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- JOBS Program had participation requirements, but not work requirements
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- By 2002, states must have 50 percent of their caseload in specified work activities
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Exemptions from Work Requirement
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- Parents (chiefly mothers) with a child under age three (under age one at state option)
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- None, but states may exempt single parents caring for children under age 1
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Work Trigger
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- Work (as defined by the state) required after a maximum of two years of benefits
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Time Limit for Benefits
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- Five-year time limit (20 percent hardship exceptions allowed)
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KEY
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AFDC
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Aid to Families with Dependent Children
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EA
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Emergency Assistance for Needy Families
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JOBS
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Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training
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TANF
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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
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______________________________
§ Advocates for Youth used figures associated with AFDC to calculate fiscal year 1996 expenditures and investments because federal fiscal year 1998 was the first full year that all states implemented TANF, the new cash welfare program.
* United States. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means. 1998 Green Book: Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1998.
Source/Citation:
Feijoo AN. Teenage Pregnancy, the Case for Prevention: An Updated Analysis of Recent Trends & Federal Expenditures Associated with Teenage Pregnancy. Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 1999.
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